Mapangidwe oyambira ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya module ya kamera

Mapangidwe oyambira a module ya kamera

I. Kapangidwe ka kamera ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Chochitikacho chikuwomberedwa kudzera mu lens, chithunzi chopangidwa ndi kuwala chimayikidwa pa sensa, ndiyeno chithunzi cha kuwala chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha digito kupyolera mu kutembenuka kwa analog-to-digital.Chizindikiro cha digito chimakonzedwa ndi DSP kenako chimatumizidwa ku kompyuta kuti chikasinthidwe, ndipo pamapeto pake chimasinthidwa kukhala chithunzi chomwe chimawonekera pazenera la foni.

Ntchito ya chipangizo cha digito (DSP) chip: konzani magawo a siginecha ya digito kudzera munjira zingapo zovuta zamasamu, ndikusamutsa ma siginowo ku ma PC ndi zida zina kudzera pa USB ndi malo ena olumikizirana.Chithunzi cha DSP:
1, ISP (chithunzi chizindikiro purosesa)
1. ISP (chizindikiro cha chizindikiro chazithunzi)
2, JPEG encoder
2. JPEG encoder
3, USB chipangizo chowongolera
3. USB chipangizo chowongolera

Pali mitundu iwiri ya masensa wamba wa kamera,

Imodzi ndi CCD (Chagre Couled Device), ndiye kuti, chaja chophatikizana.
Ina ndi CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) kutanthauza, complementary metal oxide semiconductor.
Ubwino wa CCD uli pazithunzithunzi zabwino, koma njira yopangira zinthu ndizovuta, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndipamwamba.Pachiganizo chomwecho, CMOS ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa CCD, koma khalidwe lachithunzi ndilotsika kuposa CCD.Poyerekeza ndi CCD, sensa ya zithunzi za CMOS imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.Kuphatikiza apo, ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo, mawonekedwe azithunzi a CMOS asinthidwanso mosalekeza.Chifukwa chake, makamera am'manja apano pamsika onse amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a CMOS.

Kapangidwe kosavuta ka kamera ya foni yam'manja
Lens: sonkhanitsani kuwala ndikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika pamwamba pa chojambula.
Sensa ya zithunzi: sing'anga yojambulira, yomwe imatembenuza chithunzi (chizindikiro chowunikira) chowonetsedwa ndi lens pamwamba kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi.
Galimoto: imayendetsa kayendedwe ka mandala, kotero kuti mandala amapangira chithunzi chowoneka bwino pamwamba pa chithunzithunzi.
Zosefera zamtundu: Chowoneka ndi maso a munthu chili mu gulu lowala lowoneka, ndipo sensa yazithunzi imatha kuzindikira gulu lowala kuposa diso la munthu.Chifukwa chake, zosefera zamitundu zimawonjezeredwa kuti zisefe gulu lowala kwambiri, kuti chojambulira chithunzicho chizitha kujambula zomwe zimawonedwa ndi maso.
Chip choyendetsa galimoto: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mota ndikuyendetsa mandala kuti akwaniritse autofocus.
Circuit board substrate: Tumizani chizindikiro chamagetsi cha sensa ya chithunzi kumapeto chakumbuyo.
II.Zofananira ndi mayina
1. Mawonekedwe azithunzi wamba
1.1 RGB mtundu:
Mtundu wachikhalidwe wofiira, wobiriwira ndi wabuluu, monga RGB565 ndi RGB888;mawonekedwe a data a 16-bit ndi 5-bit R + 6-bit G + 5-bit B. G ali ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono chifukwa maso aumunthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zobiriwira.
1.2 mtundu wa YUV:
Luma (Y) + chroma (UV) mtundu.YUV imatanthawuza mawonekedwe a pixel momwe gawo la kuwala ndi chrominance parameter amawonetsedwa mosiyana.Ubwino wa kulekanitsa uku ndikuti sikumangopewa kusokonezana, komanso kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za chroma popanda kukhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe azithunzi.YUV ndi mawu wamba.Pamakonzedwe ake enieni, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri.
Chroma (UV) imatanthawuza mbali ziwiri za mtundu: hue ndi machulukitsidwe, omwe amaimiridwa ndi CB ndi CR motsatana.Pakati pawo, Cr imasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa gawo lofiira la chizindikiro cholowera cha RGB ndi mtengo wowala wa chizindikiro cha RGB, pamene Cb imasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa mbali ya buluu ya chizindikiro cholowetsa cha RGB ndi mtengo wowala wa chizindikiro cha RGB.
Mitundu yayikulu yotsatsira ndi YCbCr 4:2:0, YCbCr 4:2:2, YCbCr 4:1:1 ndi YCbCr 4:4:4.
1.3 mtundu wa data wa RAW:
Chithunzi cha RAW ndi data yaiwisi yomwe sensa ya chithunzi cha CMOS kapena CCD imatembenuza chizindikiro chojambulidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha digito.Fayilo ya RAW ndi fayilo yomwe imalemba chidziwitso choyambirira cha sensa ya kamera ya digito ndi metadata ina (monga makonzedwe a ISO, kuthamanga kwa shutter, mtengo wa aperture, white balance, etc.) opangidwa ndi kamera.RAW ndi mtundu wosasinthidwa komanso wosakanikizidwa ndipo ukhoza kuganiziridwa ngati "data yaiwisi yazithunzi" kapena kutchedwa "digital negative".Pixel iliyonse ya sensa imafanana ndi fyuluta yamtundu, ndipo zosefera zimagawidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a Bayer.Zambiri za pixel iliyonse zimatuluka mwachindunji, zomwe ndi data ya RAW RGB
Raw data (Raw RGB) imakhala RGB pambuyo pa kutanthauzira kwamitundu.

Chitsanzo cha chithunzi cha RAW
2. Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi luso
2.1 Kusintha kwazithunzi:
SXGA (1280 x1024), 1.3 megapixels
XGA (1024 x768), 0.8 megapixels
SVGA (800 x600), 0.5 megapixels
VGA (640x480), 0.3 megapixels (0.35 megapixels amatanthauza 648X488)
CIF(352x288), 0.1 megapixels
SIF/QVGA(320x240)
QCIF(176x144)
QSIF/QQVGA(160x120)
2.2 Kuzama kwamtundu (chiwerengero chamitundu yamitundu):
256 mtundu wa imvi, mitundu 256 ya imvi (kuphatikiza wakuda ndi woyera).
15 kapena 16-bit mtundu (mtundu wapamwamba): 65,536 mitundu.
Mtundu wa 24-bit (mtundu weniweni): Mtundu uliwonse woyambirira uli ndi magawo 256, ndipo kuphatikiza kwawo kumakhala ndi mitundu 256 * 256 * 256.
Mtundu wa 32-bit: Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa 24-bit, ma bits 8 owonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira deta yazithunzi zomwe zikudutsana (alpha channel).
2.3 Optical zoom ndi digito makulitsidwe:
Kuwona makulitsidwe: Onerani mkati / kunja kwa chinthu chomwe mukufuna kuwombera posintha mandala.Imasunga ma pixel ndi mtundu wazithunzi osasinthika, koma mutha kujambula chithunzi chabwino.Makulitsidwe a digito: Palibe makulitsidwe kwenikweni.Zimangotengera pachithunzi choyambirira ndikuwonera. Zomwe mukuwona pazithunzi za LCD zakulitsidwa, koma mtundu wa chithunzicho sunasinthidwe kwambiri, ndipo ma pixel ndi otsika kuposa ma pixel apamwamba omwe kamera yanu ingajambule.Khalidwe lachithunzi siliyenera, koma limatha kukupatsani mwayi.
2.4 Njira yophatikizira zithunzi:
JPEG/M-JPEG
H.261/H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Phokoso la zithunzi:
Zimatanthawuza phokoso ndi kusokoneza mu chithunzichi ndipo zikuwoneka ngati phokoso lokhazikika pa chithunzicho.
2.6 Auto white balance:
Mwachidule: kubwezeretsedwa kwa zinthu zoyera ndi kamera.Malingaliro okhudzana: kutentha kwa mtundu.
2.7 angle yowonera:
Lili ndi mfundo yofanana ndi kujambula kwa diso la munthu, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti mtundu wa kujambula.
2.8 Auto focus:
Autofocus ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: imodzi ndi autofocus kutengera mtunda wa pakati pa mandala ndi mutu, ndipo ina ndikuyang'ana kuyang'ana kwa autofocus kutengera kujambulidwa komveka bwino pazenera loyang'ana (kuthwa kwa algorithm).
Chidziwitso: Kuyandikira ndikubweretsa zinthu zakutali pafupi.Kuyikirako ndiko kupanga chithunzicho momveka bwino.
2.9 Kuwonekera kwa Auto ndi Gamma:
Ndilo kuphatikiza kwa kabowo ndi shutter.Kabowo, liwiro la shutter, ISO.Gamma ndi njira yokhotakhota ya diso la munthu pakuwala.
III.Mapangidwe ena a kamera